Pendahuluan

Dalam seri artikel blog sebelumnya

Saya menulis tentang instalasi Raspbian di Raspberry Compute Module dan setup cross compile untuk QtCreator di Ubuntu 20.

Blogpost ini adalah update untuk - pada saat ini - versi 6.8 terbaru dari Qt, raspi OS Bookworm dan Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.

Prasyarat

Saya menggunakan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak berikut ini:

  • Raspberry Pi 4
  • raspi OS Bookworm, tanpa perangkat lunak yang direkomendasikan
  • Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
  • Qt 6.8
  • QtCreator 14.02

Catatan

Jika Anda memiliki laptop atau komputer desktop dengan RAM dan inti CPU yang cukup, Anda dapat melakukan kompilasi silang di mesin virtual. Tetapi saya mendapatkan pengalaman, bahwa komputer asli jauh lebih cepat dan menghasilkan lebih sedikit kesalahan.

Lihatlah jalur file dan alamat ip dalam contoh kode saya dan sesuaikan dengan kebutuhan Anda.

Menyiapkan Raspberry Pi

  • Unduh raspiOS dari https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems
  • 2024-07-04-raspios-bookworm-arm64.img.xz: 64bit dengan OS Raspberry Pi dengan desktop (bukan dengan Perangkat Lunak yang direkomendasikan)
  • Flash gambar ke kartu SD dengan Balena Etcher
  • Ikuti instalasi dan jangan lupa pengaturan untuk koneksi jarak jauh (ssh)
  • Hubungkan ke RPi dengan ssh -> dalam kasus saya ke alamat IP 192.168.2.167 dan user pi -> dari host Ubuntu Anda
ssh [email protected]
  • Instal perangkat lunak yang dibutuhkan:
sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev libudev-dev libinput-dev libts-dev libmtdev-dev libjpeg-dev libfontconfig1-dev libssl-dev libdbus-1-dev libglib2.0-dev libxkbcommon-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libgbm-dev libgles2-mesa-dev mesa-common-dev libasound2-dev libpulse-dev gstreamer1.0-omx libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev  gstreamer1.0-alsa libvpx-dev libsrtp2-dev libsnappy-dev libnss3-dev "^libxcb.*" flex bison libxslt-dev ruby gperf libbz2-dev libcups2-dev libatkmm-1.6-dev libxi6 libxcomposite1 libfreetype6-dev libicu-dev libsqlite3-dev libxslt1-dev 
sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libx11-dev freetds-dev libsqlite3-dev libpq-dev libiodbc2-dev firebird-dev libxext-dev libxcb1 libxcb1-dev libx11-xcb1 libx11-xcb-dev libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-keysyms1-dev libxcb-image0 libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0 libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-sync1 libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxrender-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxi-dev libdrm-dev libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-xinerama0-dev libatspi2.0-dev libxcursor-dev libxcomposite-dev libxdamage-dev libxss-dev libxtst-dev libpci-dev libcap-dev libxrandr-dev libdirectfb-dev libaudio-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev gdbserver
  • Buatlah sebuah folder untuk instalasi Qt 6:
sudo mkdir /usr/local/qt6
  • Temukan versi gcc, ld dan ldd. Kode sumber dari versi yang sama harus diunduh untuk membangun kompiler silang nantinya.
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ gcc --version
gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0
Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ld --version
GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Debian) 2.40
Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) a later version.
This program has absolutely no warranty.

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ldd --version
ldd (Debian GLIBC 2.36-9+rpt2+deb12u8) 2.36
Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.
  • Tambahkan potongan kode berikut ke akhir ~/.bashrc dan perbarui perubahannya:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/qt6/lib/
source ~/.bashrc

Pengaturan Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

  • Memperbarui ke versi terbaru dari paket perangkat lunak:
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
  • Instal paket-paket berikut ini:
sudo apt-get install make build-essential libclang-dev ninja-build gcc git bison python3 gperf pkg-config libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libx11-dev libx11-xcb-dev libxext-dev libxfixes-dev libxi-dev libxrender-dev libxcb1-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-keysyms1-dev libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-util-dev libxcb-xinerama0-dev libxcb-xkb-dev libxkbcommon-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev libatspi2.0-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev freeglut3-dev build-essential gawk git texinfo bison file wget libssl-dev gdbserver gdb-multiarch libxcb-cursor-dev

Bangun versi cmake terbaru dari sumbernya:

cd ~
wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.30.5/cmake-3.30.5.tar.gz
tar -xzvf cmake-3.30.5.tar.gz
cd cmake-3.30.5
./bootstrap
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make install
# Update PATH Environment Variable
which cmake
/usr/local/bin/cmake
export PATH=/usr/local/bin/cmake:$PATH
source ~/.bashrc
cmake --version

Bangun gcc sebagai kompiler silang

Unduh kode sumber yang diperlukan. Anda harus memodifikasi perintah-perintah berikut ini sesuai dengan kebutuhan Anda. Pada saat saya membuat halaman ini, perintah-perintah tersebut adalah:

  • gcc 12.2.0
  • binutils 2.40 (versi ld)
  • glibc 2.36 (versi ld)
cd ~
mkdir gcc_all && cd gcc_all
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/binutils/binutils-2.40.tar.bz2
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/glibc/glibc-2.36.tar.bz2
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gcc/gcc-12.2.0/gcc-12.2.0.tar.gz
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux
tar xf binutils-2.40.tar.bz2
tar xf glibc-2.36.tar.bz2
tar xf gcc-12.2.0.tar.gz
rm *.tar.*
cd gcc-12.2.0
contrib/download_prerequisites
  • Buatlah sebuah folder untuk instalasi kompiler.
sudo mkdir -p /opt/cross-pi-gcc
sudo chown $USER /opt/cross-pi-gcc
export PATH=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/bin:$PATH
  • Salin header kernel pada folder di atas.
cd ~/gcc_all
cd linux
KERNEL=kernel7
make ARCH=arm64 INSTALL_HDR_PATH=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu headers_install
  • Bangun Binutils.
cd ~/gcc_all
mkdir build-binutils && cd build-binutils
../binutils-2.40/configure --prefix=/opt/cross-pi-gcc --target=aarch64-linux-gnu --with-arch=armv8 --disable-multilib
make -j 8
make install
  • Edit gcc-12.2.0/libsanitizer/asan/asan_linux.cpp. Tambahkan potongan kode berikut ini.
#ifndef PATH_MAX
#define PATH_MAX 4096
#endif
  • Lakukan build parsial dari gcc.
cd ~/gcc_all
mkdir build-gcc && cd build-gcc
../gcc-12.2.0/configure --prefix=/opt/cross-pi-gcc --target=aarch64-linux-gnu --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
make -j8 all-gcc
make install-gcc
  • Lakukan build sebagian dari Glibc.
cd ~/gcc_all
mkdir build-glibc && cd build-glibc
../glibc-2.36/configure --prefix=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu --build=$MACHTYPE --host=aarch64-linux-gnu --target=aarch64-linux-gnu --with-headers=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/include --disable-multilib libc_cv_forced_unwind=yes
make install-bootstrap-headers=yes install-headers
make -j8 csu/subdir_lib
install csu/crt1.o csu/crti.o csu/crtn.o /opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib
aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -nostdlib -nostartfiles -shared -x c /dev/null -o /opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/libc.so
touch /opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/include/gnu/stubs.h
  • Kembali ke gcc.
cd ~/gcc_all/build-gcc
make -j8 all-target-libgcc
make install-target-libgcc
  • Selesai membangun glibc.
cd ~/gcc_all/build-glibc
make -j8
make install
  • Selesai membangun gcc.
cd ~/gcc_all/build-gcc
make -j8
make install

Pada titik ini, kita memiliki toolchain kompiler silang penuh dengan gcc. Folder gcc_all tidak diperlukan lagi. Anda dapat menghapusnya.

Membangun Qt6

Ada dua kemungkinan untuk membangun Qt6. Ada versi "single" (https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/6.8/6.8.0/single/qt-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz) yang dapat diunduh, yang berisi qtbase dan semua submodul. Ini adalah hal yang sangat berat dan membutuhkan banyak tenaga dan waktu untuk mengkompilasinya.

Rekomendasi saya adalah, kompilasi qtbase sebagai dasar dan setelah itu kompilasi setiap submodul yang Anda perlukan secara terpisah.

  • Buatlah folder untuk sysroot dan qt6. Saya membuat folder ini di direktori workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation.
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation
mkdir rpi-sysroot rpi-sysroot/usr rpi-sysroot/opt
mkdir qt6 qt6/host qt6/pi qt6/host-build qt6/pi-build qt6/src
  • Unduh kode sumber QtBase
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/src
wget https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/6.8/6.8.0/submodules/qtbase-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz
tar xf qtbase-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz

Membangun Qt6 untuk host

cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host-build/
cmake ../src/qtbase-everywhere-src-6.8.0/ -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DQT_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DQT_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/qt6/host
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .

Binari akan berada di ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host

Membangun Qt6 untuk rpi

Salin dan tempelkan beberapa folder dari rpi menggunakan rsync melalui SSH.

cd ~
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" [email protected]:/usr/include workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot/usr
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" [email protected]:/lib workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" [email protected]:/usr/lib workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot/usr 
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" [email protected]:/opt/vc workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot/opt
  • Buat sebuah berkas bernama toolchain.cmake di ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6. Anda perlu menyesuaikan baris "set(TARGET_SYSROOT /home/factory/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot)" ke lingkungan Anda.
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)
include_guard(GLOBAL)

set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR arm)

# You should change location of sysroot to your needs.
set(TARGET_SYSROOT /home/factory/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot)
set(TARGET_ARCHITECTURE aarch64-linux-gnu)
set(CMAKE_SYSROOT ${TARGET_SYSROOT})

set(ENV{PKG_CONFIG_PATH} $PKG_CONFIG_PATH:${CMAKE_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/pkgconfig)
set(ENV{PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR} /usr/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/share/pkgconfig/:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/pkgconfig:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/pkgconfig)
set(ENV{PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR} ${CMAKE_SYSROOT})

set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER /opt/cross-pi-gcc/bin/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}-gcc)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER /opt/cross-pi-gcc/bin/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}-g++)

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -isystem=/usr/include -isystem=/usr/local/include -isystem=/usr/include/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS}")

set(QT_COMPILER_FLAGS "-march=armv8-a")
set(QT_COMPILER_FLAGS_RELEASE "-O2 -pipe")
set(QT_LINKER_FLAGS "-Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=gnu -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-rpath-link=${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE} -Wl,-rpath-link=$HOME/qt6/pi/lib")

set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE ONLY)
set(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH TRUE)
set(CMAKE_BUILD_RPATH ${TARGET_SYSROOT})

include(CMakeInitializeConfigs)

function(cmake_initialize_per_config_variable _PREFIX _DOCSTRING)
  if (_PREFIX MATCHES "CMAKE_(C|CXX|ASM)_FLAGS")
    set(CMAKE_${CMAKE_MATCH_1}_FLAGS_INIT "${QT_COMPILER_FLAGS}")
        
    foreach (config DEBUG RELEASE MINSIZEREL RELWITHDEBINFO)
      if (DEFINED QT_COMPILER_FLAGS_${config})
        set(CMAKE_${CMAKE_MATCH_1}_FLAGS_${config}_INIT "${QT_COMPILER_FLAGS_${config}}")
      endif()
    endforeach()
  endif()


  if (_PREFIX MATCHES "CMAKE_(SHARED|MODULE|EXE)_LINKER_FLAGS")
    foreach (config SHARED MODULE EXE)
      set(CMAKE_${config}_LINKER_FLAGS_INIT "${QT_LINKER_FLAGS}")
    endforeach()
  endif()

  _cmake_initialize_per_config_variable(${ARGV})
endfunction()

set(XCB_PATH_VARIABLE ${TARGET_SYSROOT})

set(GL_INC_DIR ${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/include)
set(GL_LIB_DIR ${TARGET_SYSROOT}:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib)

set(EGL_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(EGL_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libEGL.so)

set(OPENGL_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(OPENGL_opengl_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libOpenGL.so)

set(GLESv2_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(GLIB_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libGLESv2.so)

set(GLESv2_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(GLESv2_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libGLESv2.so)

set(gbm_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(gbm_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libgbm.so)

set(Libdrm_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(Libdrm_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libdrm.so)

set(XCB_XCB_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(XCB_XCB_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libxcb.so)

list(APPEND CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH ${CMAKE_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE})
list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/cmake")
  • Memperbaiki tautan simbolik absolut
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/riscv/riscv-poky/master/scripts/sysroot-relativelinks.py
chmod +x sysroot-relativelinks.py 
python3 sysroot-relativelinks.py rpi-sysroot
  • Kompilasi kode sumber untuk rpi.
cd $HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi-build
cmake ../src/qtbase-everywhere-src-6.8.0/ -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DINPUT_opengl=es2 -DQT_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DQT_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DQT_HOST_PATH=$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host -DCMAKE_STAGING_PREFIX=$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/qt6 -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/toolchain.cmake -DQT_QMAKE_TARGET_MKSPEC=devices/linux-rasp-pi4-aarch64 -DQT_FEATURE_xcb=ON -DFEATURE_xcb_xlib=ON -DQT_FEATURE_xlib=ON
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
  • Mengirimkan binari ke rpi.
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" $HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi/* [email protected]:/usr/local/qt6

Mengkonfigurasi QtCreator

  • Mengatur Kompiler

    Qt 6.8 Kompilasi Silang untuk Raspberry Pi tangkapan layar komputer
    Qt 6.8 Kompilasi Silang untuk Raspberry Pi tangkapan layar komputer
  • Mengatur Debugger

    Qt 6.8 Kompilasi Silang untuk Raspberry Pi tangkapan layar komputer
  • Mengatur Perangkat

    Qt 6.8 Kompilasi Silang untuk Raspberry Pi tangkapan layar komputer Menguji koneksi dengan tombol "Test"
  • Mengatur Versi Qt

    Qt 6.8 Kompilasi Silang untuk Raspberry Pi tangkapan layar komputer
  • Mengatur Kit

    Qt 6.8 Kompilasi Silang untuk Raspberry Pi tangkapan layar komputer
  • Pada "Konfigurasi CMake" klik Ubah dan tambahkan perintah berikut.

-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE:UNINITIALIZED=/home/pmy/qt6/pi/lib/cmake/Qt6/qt.toolchain.cmake

Pengaturan Proyek QtCreator

Jika Anda membuat sebuah proyek di QtCreator, Anda harus menyesuaikan konfigurasi "Run". Di "Environment" Anda harus menambahkan:

-LD_LIBRARY_PATH=:/usr/local/qt6/lib/

Menambahkan Submodul Qt

Tambahkan modul QML

  • Unduh kode sumber:
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/src
wget https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/6.8/6.8.0/submodules/qtshadertools-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz
tar xf qtshadertools-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz
wget https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/6.8/6.8.0/submodules/qtdeclarative-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz
tar xf qtdeclarative-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz

Anda harus memeriksa dependensi di ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/src/qtdeclarative-everywhere-src-6.8.0/dependencies.yaml dan ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/src/qtshadertools-everywhere-src-6.8.0/dependencies.yaml.

Pastikan modul-modul yang diperlukan harus dibangun dan diinstal terlebih dahulu.

  • Membangun modul untuk host.
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host-build
rm -rf *
$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host/bin/qt-configure-module ../src/qtshadertools-everywhere-src-6.8.0
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
rm -rf *
$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host/bin/qt-configure-module ../src/qtdeclarative-everywhere-src-6.8.0
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
  • Membangun modul untuk rpi
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi-build
rm -rf *
$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi/bin/qt-configure-module ../src/qtshadertools-everywhere-src-6.8.0
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
rm -rf *
$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi/bin/qt-configure-module ../src/qtdeclarative-everywhere-src-6.8.0
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
  • Kirim binari ke rpi.
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" $HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi/* [email protected]:/usr/local/qt6

Ucapan terima kasih

Sumber yang digunakan untuk membuat Petunjuk ini:

Terima kasih untuk semuanya.

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Diperbarui pada: 16. Oktober 2024
Waktu membaca: 6 menit